Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Futures contract

A formal treatment of this issue is provided by Easily, O'Hara, and Carnivals (1998), who allow the participation of informed traders in the option market to be decided endogenously in an equilibrium framework. In their model, informed investors choose to a â€Å"pooling quill? Trade in both the option and the stock market? In barium†? When the leverage implicit in options is large, when the liquidity in the stock market is low, or when the overall fraction of informed traders is high. Our main empirical result directly tests whether the stock and option market are in he pooling equilibrium of Easily, O'Hara, and Carnivals (1998).Using option trades that are initiated by buyers to open new positions, we form put-call ratios to examine the predictability of option trading for future stock price movements. We find predictability that is strong in both magnitude and statistical significance. For our 1990 through 2001 sample period, stocks with positive option signals (I. E. , tho se with lowest quintile put-call ratios) outperform those with negative option signals (I. E. , those with highest quintile put-call ratios) by over 40 basis points per day and 1% per eek on a risk-adjusted basis.When the stock returns are tracked for several weeks, the level of predictability gradually dies out, indicating that the information contained in the option volume eventually gets incorporated into the underlying stock prices. Although our main empirical result clearly documents that there is informed trading in the option market, it does not necessarily imply that there is any market inefficiency, because the option volume used in not our main test? Which is initiated by buyers to open new positions? Is publicly observable. Indeed, information-based models [e. , Glisten and Milord (1985); Easily, O'Hara, and Carnivals (1998)] imply that prices adjust at once to the public information contained in the trading process but may adjust slowly to the private information possess ed by informed traders. As a result, the predictability captured in our main test may well correspond to the process of stock prices gradually adjusting to the private component of information in option trading. Motivated by the differing theoretical predictions about the speed at which prices adjust to public versus private information, we explore the predictability of publicly errors nonpublic observable option volume. For Journal that 25, example, July 2002,the Wholesaler reported theChicagoBoardOptions was â€Å"unusual activity† options shares Whet, pharmaceuticals investigating trading in Madison, which tactical based increase trading volume earlier NJ, giant superintendence's month. Option occurred before release a government bathe study peptic days American Medical Association documented a heightened abreast risk heart cancer, coronary of the who disease, strokes, bloodspots women had benefiting Whitey's hormone-replacement drug years. Preemptor many 872 innovation De limitation Following previous empirical studies in this area [e. . , Easily, O'Hara, and Carnivals (1998); Chain, Chunk, and Font (2002)], we use the Lee and Ready (1991) algorithm to back out buyer-initiated put and call option volume from publicly observable trade and quote records from the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CUBE). We find that the resulting publicly observable option signals are able to predict stock returns for only the next one or two trade days. Moreover, the stock prices subsequently reverse which raises the question of whether the predictability from the public signal is a manifestation of rice pressure rather than informed trading.In a abbreviate analysis which includes both the public and the nonpublic signals, the nonpublic signal has the same pattern of information-based predict? Ability as when it is used alone, but there is no predictability at all from the public signal. This set of findings underscores the important distinction between public and nonpub lic signals and their respective roles in price discovery. Further, the weak predictability exhibited by the public signal suggests that the economic source of our main result is valuable private information in the option volume rather than an inefficiency across the stock and option market.Central to all information-based models is the roles of informed and uninformed traders. In particular, the concentration of informed traders is a key variable in such models with important implications for the innovativeness of trading volume. Using the PIN variable proposed by Easily, Kefir, and O'Hara (1997) and Easily, Heavier, and O'Hara (2002) as a measure of the prevalence of informed traders, we investigate how the predictability from option volume varies across underlying stocks with efferent concentrations of informed traders.We find a higher level of predictability from the option signals of stocks with a higher prevalence of informed traders. 2 Although the theoretical models define i nformed and uninformed trap? Deer strictly in terms of information sets, we can speculate outside of the models about who the informed and uninformed traders might be. Our data set is unique in that in addition to recording whether the initiator of volume is a buyer or a seller opening or closing a position, it also identifies the investor class of the initiator. We find that option signals from investors who trade through full-service brokerage houses discount brokerage houses.Given that the option volume from felicities brokerages includes that from hedge funds, this result is hardly surprising. It is interesting, however, that the option signals from firm proprietary traders contain no information at all about future stock price † Given stocks PIN smaller could driven the that be stocks, result higher artistically by fact there higher from stocks. Show that is notches. Len this signals smaller predictability option PIN result remains size. Intact controlling after particula r, 73 studies n 3 2006 movements.In the framework of the information-based models, this result suggests market primarily for hedging purposes. Finally, a unique feature of the MultiMate stock and option setting is the availability of securities with differing leverage. Black (1975) asserted that leverage is the key variable which determines whether informed investors choose to trade in the option market, and Easily, O'Hara, and Carnivals (1998) demonstrated that under a natural set of assumptions this is indeed the case. Motivated by these considerations, we investigate how the predictability documented n our main test varies across option con? Races with differing degrees of leverage. We find that option signals constructed from deep out-of-the-money (TOM) options, which are highly leveraged contracts, exhibit the greatest level of predictability, whereas the signals from contracts with low leverage provide very little, if any, predictability. 3 The rest of the article is organized as follows. In Section 1, we synthesize the existing theory literature and empirical findings and develop empirical specifications. We detail the data in Section 2, present the results in Section 3, and conclude in Section . 1.Option Volume and Stock Prices 1. 1 Theory The theoretical motivation for our study is provided by the voluminous literature that addresses the issue of how information gets incorporated into asset prices. In this subsection, we review the theoretical literature with a focus on insights that are directly relevant for our empirical study. In particular, we concentrate on the linkage between information genre? Dated by the trading process and the information on the underlying asset value, the role of public versus private information, and the process of price adjustment. 4The issue of how information gets incorporated into asset prices is central to all information-based models. Although specific modeling approaches differ, information gets incorporated into se curity prices as a result of the trading behavior of informed and uninformed traders. In the sequential trade model of Glisten and Milord (1985),

Caritas Christi Health Care Essay

1. Should the President of Caritas Christi Health Care be fired? Why? Mr. Haddad Care should be terminated if the proper conditions exist for the termination to take place. A proper investigation of the situation should take place to determine and address the primary factors involved. The allegations brought forward by these women need to be examined on a case by case basis. Once the reliability of the witnesses has been established, then a further determination can be established. Knowing the witnesses and their reliability gives the necessary history to establish a case. The company’s policy of â€Å"progressive discipline† states on having the necessary documentation to proceed with a termination. A written warning and a suspension should already have taken place before proceeding with a termination. If Mr. Haddad already had a written warning, and suspension, then the company should proceed to terminate Mr. Haddad. There should be no hesitation at this point due to the high level position Mr. Haddad has with the company. Special treatment should not be a factor. On the other hand another factor to consider, which is important and is the reason why sexual harassment has to be considered on a case by case basis, is that if Mr. Haddad alleged behavior goes beyond the scope of the company’s definition of sexual harassment. The company’s definition of sexual harassment includes â€Å"sexually charged looks and gestures† and â€Å"unnecessary touching,† such as hugging. If Mr. Haddad’s behavior had gone beyond, in a manner that was interpreted to be more aggressive than the company’s definition of sexual harassment then an immediate termination would be warranted. To make a clear cut determine based on the facts presented whether Mr. Haddad should immediately be terminated or not would be a matter for further study. The facts are premature at best. 2. Why is the handling of sexual harassment cases considered complicated? The handling of sexual harassment cases is considered to be complicated, because it is based on the credibility of the accuser. In this particular case depending on the individual circumstances, the credibility and work performance of Mr. Haddad may be examined. This could be important because the allegations can be false, with the intentions of having the employee terminated. Another reason sexual harassment cases are also difficult to handle is because the interpretation of sexual harassment based on the  perceptions of employees varies from culture to culture and workplace to workplace. Also the perceptions and recollection of a particular incident may change with time. This is why it is important to conduct a thorough investigation as soon as possible. Victims tend to change their stories and exaggerate the story to make it sound more severe than the actual story. This is the reason that the questioning of the victims are done separately to determine the degree of teamwork, if there is legitimacy to the story. To avoid these type of issues, employers prohibit workplace romances and if discovered later is determined to be sufficient grounds for termination. 3. Explain in your own words why consistency in handling sexual harassment claims is important.  When handling sexual harassment case, it is important to be consistent to demonstrate to employees that there is zero tolerance for sexual harassment in the workplace. It shows that regardless of what position you hold within a workplace, if you do something that goes against the policies and regulations of the workplace it will be dealt with in an appropriate manner according to the severity of the incident with no exemption. Consistency sends a clear message to any employee contemplating conducting their self in an inappropriate manner to act accordingly to the policies. Consistency also shows that such behavior will be dealt with and that sexual harassment cases will not be swept under the rug. Consistency shows employees that the workplace is a respectable environment and that everyone will be treated equally. By doing so, it creates a productive workplace. According to the United States Equal Employee Opportunity Commission sexual harassment is against the law to harass someone in a sexual manner. Sexual harassment has a more broad view than just sexual. It can be sexual or offensive, and can be physical or verbal displayed. Sexual harassment can be displayed by either a woman or man and the victim can be of the same sex or opposite sex. Usually the sexual harassment is seen more often when a person has power over another. The harasser can be anyone with authority, such as a supervisor, co-worker, or customer.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Ms Ahfhs Cameij

CAMILLE FLORES R. DE MAYO Block 17 Lot 6 E. Quirino Street, Cherry Homes 1, Mambog 1, Bacoor, Cavite +639069793929 cam. [email  protected] com EDUCATION: LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY – MANILA (Present) Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communication with specialization in Broadcast Communication Muralla St. , Intramuros, Manila Honors and Awards: †¢ Dean’s Lister – June – October 2010 – June – October 2011 †¢ Merit Scholar – November 2010 – March 2011 – November 2011 – March 2012 †¢ Certificate of Proficiencies – Radio and Television Scriptwriting – Radio and Television Production Basic Photography †¢ Other Certificates Received – 2013 LPU UNICEF Volunteer of the Year Awardee – 2012 5th Student Advertising Congress Delegate – 2011 Asian Congress for Media and Communication [Philippines]: National Student Grand Prix Student Organizing Committee Extra-curricular Activities: †¢ LPU College of Arts and Sciences Student Council Vice President (A. Y. 2013-2014) †¢ LPU League of Young Communication Artists and Journalists (LPU LYCAJ) – Vice President for Internal Affairs (October 2012 – March 2013) – Treasurer (June – September 2012) Broadcast Communication Representative (November 2011 – March 2012) †¢ LPU UNICEF Volunteer (2012-2013) STATEFIELDS SCHOOL, INC. (2010) National Road, Molino III, Bacoor, Cavite Honors and Awards: †¢ Perfect Attendance (2010) †¢ Ranked among the Top 20 of 191 students (2010) †¢ 6th Place in Newswriting – Filipino: 5th Division Training Program in Campus Journalism for Private Schools (2009) Extra-curricular Activities †¢ SSI Linkage News Editor [School Paper] (2008-2010) ST. THOMAS MORE ACADEMY – ANNEX (2006) Phase III Maryhomes Subd. , Molino IV, Bacoor, Cavite Honors and Awards: †¢ 1st Honorable Mention (2006) Best in Mathema tics Quiz Bee (2006) †¢ 2nd Best in Science Quiz Bee (2006) †¢ 1st Place in Isahang Tula (2006) WORK EXPERIENCE: Event Staff, GMA News TV Free Time (October – November 2012) Event Staff, GMA Network Survivor (February 2012) Logistics Head and Delegation and Communication Committee Member, 5th Student Advertising Congress (February 2012) Event Staff, GMA News TV Free Time (November – December 2011) Event Staff, GMA Network Kitchen Superstar (February 19-20, 2011) SEMNARS ATTENDED: Literary Writing Seminar: Poetry and Short Story Categories (January 2013) LPU Independent Sentinel th Student Advertising Congress (February 2012) Lyceum of the Philippines University Manila Cesar Montano Film Making Seminar (September 2011) LPU League of Young Communication Artists and Journalists 5th Division Training Program in Campus Journalism for Private Schools (August 2009) Department of Education (DepED) in coordination with Cavite Educational Media Association of Private S chools Administrators (CEMAPSA) 4th Division Training Program in Campus Journalism for Private Schools (September 2008) Department of Education (DepED)REFERENCES: Mr. Nestor Francis H. Tagubuan Head, GMA Network Events Management Division LPU Manila Special Lecturer Muralla St. , Intramuros, Manila [email  protected] com [email  protected] com Mr. Alan I. Allanigue Station Manager, DZRB LPU Manila Special Lecturer Muralla St. , Intramuros, Manila 09399157214 Ms. Renalyn J. Valdez Chairperson, LPU Manila Mass Communication and Journalism Department Adviser, LPU League of Young Communication Artists and Journalists Muralla St. , Intramuros, Manila [email  protected] com

Monday, July 29, 2019

Marketing Plan Starbucks Coffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Marketing Plan Starbucks Coffee - Essay Example Starbucks Coffee made a humble beginning in the year 1971 when it began selling bean and processed coffee in a small store in Seattle USA. Over the years the company has established itself as one of the leading coffee stores of the world serving more than a million customers though a dedicated presence in over 50 nations spread across 17000 cities across the globe. The company is presently listed as a public firm and its stocks are being actively traded on the bourses of NASDAQ stock exchange in USA. The brand portfolio of the firm includes â€Å"Starbucks Coffee, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Tazo Tea, and Torrefazione Italia Coffee†. The main aim of the firm to provide the best coffee to the customers using the best raw materials sourced ethically and processed at the firm’s own processing unit. The international expansion strategies include partnerships as well as licensing. The success of the firm could be analysed from the fact that it operates successfully in nations having diverse culture and traditions maintaining an extremely high quality standard. In spite of the large business presence the company maintains high ethical standards which is revealed from the fact that it has been rated as one of the most ethical companies of the world for the fourth consecutive time by the Ethisphere magazine. (Starbucks-a, 2011). Market Analysis Internal Environment The analysis of internal environment can be done by identifying the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats faced by an organization. SWOT analysis is a useful tool that can help in analysing the internal environment of an organization. Strengths The biggest strength of Starbucks Corporation lies in its strong brand image which has created a strong positioning of the firm in the minds of the customer. Presence in large

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Term Paper

Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility - Term Paper Example They can include the patients, surrounding community and government. However, this paper only focuses on three stakeholders: the employees, shareholders and the patients. As a hospital director, Dr. DoRight owes the stakeholders duty of loyalty in all aspects of the hospital performance. This duty requires that Dr. DoRight should act in the best interest of the shareholders and the hospital as an entity. The duty of loyalty also restricts Dr. DoRight to make him stay away from his personal interests and self dealing which can be at the expenses of the stakeholders. Dr. DoRight also owes the stakeholders duty of loyalty that dictates him not to enter into some acts that may help him receive personal benefits improperly and end up causing harm to the stakeholders and the hospital at large. To the patients, Dr. DoRight owes a duty of loyalty that requires him to act in good faith and care which any other prudent and ordinary person in the same position would accord in a similar situatio n in order to safeguard both the interest of the patients and the hospital (Martin, 2001). The duty of loyalty is also owed to the employees, especially in making decisions. Dr. DoRight is required to have his decisions made in good faith, being well informed and with honesty when dealing with the employees in order to safeguard their interests, as well as those of the hospital through the judgment rule of the business. In order to have this protection invoked, Dr. DoRight owes them the duty of information on all the reasonable material information available. The rule of business judgment may not protect Dr. DoRight when he has financial interests at a personal level in the transactions, fails to have information on the situations, is not independent, or fails to carryout the duty of loyalty and care. Dr. DoRight must make sure that he follows the standard of fairness to the hospital and all the stakeholders (Pickstock, 2007). Dr. DoRight as a director of the hospital has the duty t o facilitate the maximization of the shareholders’ wealth and enhance the interests of the shareholders. In summary, Dr. DoRight must ensure that maintains the rights of the shareholders and treats them equally, honor the interest of all other stakeholders like the patients, observes integrity and ethics in his duties, and remains transparent with all his actions. Question two Stakeholders have different interests in hospital. For instance, the shareholders who invested on the hospital are interested in the survival and profitability of the firm. They are classically concerned with the allocation of investment earnings and their residual earnings that is paid to the as dividends; the company management, including Dr. DoRight, is interested in the efficiency of the hospital in generating the profits. The general performance of the hospital is regarded as the effectiveness of management and can be observed by particular financial rations; the customers such as the patients are interested in the ability of the hospital to continue providing the health services to them; employees may be interested in high wages in order to keep their work running; suppliers on the other side want to see their products bought and paid for by the hospital and the lenders are interested in the liquidity position of the hospital to check if they will be paid in time; and the community in general is concerned with environmental

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Drugs among youth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drugs among youth - Essay Example This research will explore the factors responsible for driving young people into the habit of drug consumption and their perceptions about drugs’ effects on their life and their association with drugs. Identification of these factors is the first and the foremost step in the process of eradication of drugs from the society and discouraging the young people from consuming drugs. Research Questions Some of the research questions would be: When did you start taking drugs? Please tell me about your family structure and your relationship with family members? Does someone in your family take these drugs? What environmental factors encourage you to take drugs? What is the most common factor that drives young people into the habit of taking drugs? Do you contemplate leaving drugs in the future? If so, how soon? Do you think drugs are dangerous for your health? Has your attitude toward drugs changed since you have started consuming them? Have you faced any resistance from somewhere for drug consumption? Parties Involved in the Research Project This research project would be executed with team effort. The team would comprise me, my advisor, one of my peers to facilitate me with the data collection, and another peer with good writing and editing skills. I would do the literature review, design research methodology, and analyze the data. The fundamental aim of the research is to identify the most important and common factors that are responsible for the rise of drug consumption among the young people. Knowledge created by this research would be very useful to the drug-control agencies, the society in general, and the parents and relatives of the vulnerable youth in particular. Research Theory The consumption of drugs among youth can be prevented on the basis of a technique structured around the cognitive dissonance theory that tends to establish attitudes and beliefs by proposing verbal inoculations. This prevention technique can be used to help youth abstain from d rug consumption that might be in conflict with a goal that is more desirable. Adolescence in the concept of development is a period in which people may be confused about their roles while their identities are emerging. The prevention efforts based on this approach assist young people with the development of positive identities through achievement in their community roles, as athletes or as students. Possible Research Methods The research methods that can be utilized for this research primarily include survey and interviews. Since the reasons for drug consumption vary from one person to another, it is better to provide the research respondents with full opportunity to express themselves with the use of interviews and use them as primary sources (Booth, Colomb and Williams 81). Besides, since this topic is integrally related to sociology, use of interviews is also recommendable for this research because qualitative research remains very effective convenient and useful while studying s ociological issues. Research Participants The respondents will be high school students on drugs of any kind. The students would be given a questionnaire to find out their gender, age, how many of them use drugs, what kinds of drugs they take, and how long have they been taking them. Questionnaires with responses showing drug users would be sorted out and the respondents would be approached for

Friday, July 26, 2019

World War one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

World War one - Essay Example Ignoring this law, it is reported that more than 124 000 tons of gas had been produced by the time the First World War was ending2. By using gas bombs and any other chemical weapons, Germans clearly ignored the then laws of war. These are the ones that specifically prohibited the use of chemical weapons. The basis for supporting chemical warfare or supporting its abolition was founded on the ethical issues associated with that kind of war. Presenting a range of premises in support of the use of chemical weapons in World War I, interwar ethical arguments considered it time-friendly, humane as well as economical among other advantages. This essay will present the scenarios before, during and after World War I which illustrate the pros and cons of the employment of chemical warfare and the reasons why the German used it extensively in wars. Gas attacks were some of the feared attacks by the troops in the battle fields. Therefore signs of gas weapons such as artillery shells, which encased the gas, and prevailing wind, which accelerated the spreading of the gas, were dreaded by the troops in gas stricken zones3. The gas attacks used to be major offensive when they would be discharged in massive forms. Attacks using Lachrymatory gases would temporarily disable soldiers in trenches such that attacking them further would be easier. The lachrymatory gases affected the eyes by causing them to tear. There are other gases which were lethal such as chlorine and phosgene. These normally disabled the tissues of the respiratory system thus causing the victim to die. For instance, Mustard gas caused horrors to the victims and was one of the most dreaded chemical weapons. This was partly due to the long period of time it would remain on the ground after being discharged as well as its adverse effects to the victims. Inhaling the gas caused death to the victim. In addition, its other effects included causing of temporary blindness as well as making the

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Five Years from the Brink (movie) Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Five Years from the Brink ( ) - Movie Review Example However, the immediate cause that triggers the crisis was the fall of Lehman Brothers. Their collapse caused much fear to the global financial markets. This was in 2008 of which their fall prompted banks to stop lending to each other. The impact was the rising interbank borrowing risk premium to 5% which was previously at 0%. Despite the effort to inject liquidity to the financial markets by the authorities, the financial markets were already suffering the consequences (McKibbin and Stoeckel 1). Conversely, article by Positive Money claims that financial and economic crisis are attributed to the large sum of money created by banks through loans. The banks doubled the money and debt in the economy in a period of 7 years. The larger sum of money created by the banks was used to increase the cost of property in the economy, house prices increase significantly. A huge amount of money loaned to the property owners by the banks increased the cost of houses and personal debt. Additionally, the property owners had to pay interest on loans provided by the banks. However, the increasing debts and low income led to the failure of loan repayment. Some individuals could not afford to pay back the loans and so the banks become bankrupt. Immediately after the crisis, financial institutions reduced their lending rates to household and the businesses. The reduction of lending rates by the banks to businesses caused a drop in prices. This prompted the property owners who had previously borro wed a large sum of money to sell their property. Those who had borrowed a large amount of money thought that they could easily repay their loan because of favorable prices of their property. The sale of the assets by the property owners led to fall of house prices and so the bubble burst. Hank stated that the improved value of the derivatives, hidden banking structure, and the off- balance sheet financing encouraged exceptional business transactions and therefore contributed and

The Weed by Amrita Pritam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Weed by Amrita Pritam - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the story unfolds through the point of view of an unnamed narrator, obviously a city-bred and educated female. The main theme of the story is the vulnerability of women who fall prey to the lure of men, symbolized through the metaphorical weed, and how males exploit the females for carnal pleasure and then discard them. Right from the first line of the story, the author hints at the way women are treated in rural India by her reference to the â€Å"new bride of the old servant,† which connotes to the fact that older men in the country practice polygamy and that they can have younger wives. The author also suggests that under the patriarchal system that exists in the country, any father can give away his daughter to any man without the consent of the girl. Pritam presents the girl as a â€Å"delight to both ear and eye† and owning a body that redeems her â€Å"dark complexion†. In contrast, the author portrays her husband, Prabhati, as â€Å"old, short and loose-jawed,† which indicates that the society disregards the traits of a woman and by belonging to the stronger sex, men are automatically qualified to claim any woman. Unfortunately, Angoori is not the single female, who meets with a similar fate in the rural Indian society and it appears that many suffer at men’s hands in the same way. She relates the story of her friend, who absconds with her paramour, who later deserts her, to the narrator. The author tries to emphasize the issue of male exploitation of the females by referring to various aspects of the rural Indian culture, which is her major theme for the story. She uses the metaphor of the â€Å"weed† to underline the fact that males use some or other material element to win over the female hearts. In the case of Angoori’s friend, the weed comes in the form of sweets and betel leaf and in the protagonist’s case, it takes the form of sweetened tea. The men in all cases e xploit the women and after enjoying the carnal pleasure desert them. The exploitation of women in the rural Indian culture, thus, is a theme that is recurrently emphasized in the story. Pritam also deploys the literary device of imagery and irony profusely in the story to underline the theme of exploitation of females by males in the rural Indian culture. The author’s deft use of imagery to attain this purpose becomes evident from the episode where she equates Angoori’s body to â€Å"rightly kneaded dough, a baker’s pride† and describes her â€Å"rippling muscles impregnated with the metallic resilience of a coiled spring†. By using such imagery, the author provides the readers with a vivid picture a youthful and energetic female. On the other hand, Pritam talks about her husband as a loose-jawed old man, a stark contrast to the resilient and beautiful Angoori, for whom a husband is one whose feet a girl begins to adore when she is five or six. By dwelling on the protagonist’s beliefs such as this, the author wants to emphasize that women in rural India tend to acquiesce to men and they find contentment in it.  

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Critical questions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical questions - Research Paper Example Firstly, the development of the oil drilling plant in the water leads to congestion in the marine life, in turn, making them migrate to spacious areas. Oil spillage to the water caused by the drilling can lead to the release of toxins. Subsequently, when marine life encounters the toxins, they get genetic disorders and even death. The machines used to drill the oil are operated by humans and use fuel to do a lot of things. These machines usually need cooling occasionally, and the cooling usually takes place in the water. This leads to the transmission of the heat and ends up heating the surrounding water thus cause temperature imbalance1. In turn, this imbalance causes the marine organisms that live the surroundings to migrate to favorable environments. Concurrently, the heat may also lead to the death of the marine life around due to exposure to extreme temperatures. Lastly, offshore drilling leads to pollution in the water by damping wastes such as mud and other rock particles onto the surface of the water. The quest for making the mode of transport more efficient has been there over an exceedingly long period in history. We have evolved from animal transport, to carriage carts and now to cars and more sophisticated modes of transport. Nevertheless, this evolution has come with a cost. Cars have made our day-to-day lives easier making the movement from one place to another fast. The use of cars has led to the environmental degradation through the constant emission of fumes and gasses to the air. These fumes and gasses, when inhaled by human beings and animals, can cause respiratory problems. For example in human beings, apart from the respiratory problems, these fumes with toxins can cause serious diseases like lung cancer. The infiltrations of the harmful fumes have also led to global warming because of allowing the penetration of harmful rays to the ecosystem. This is because of global warming. The extraction of fuel from the earth has also

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Analyse the Motivational Problems in MagNet Corporation Research Paper

Analyse the Motivational Problems in MagNet Corporation - Research Paper Example   MagNet Corporation is a new start-up organization and has strength of 35 employees Existing in the market for two years, the company is heavily dependent on Information Technology (IT) tools MagNet mainly operates in the software market and provides educational software to colleges and universities based on Oracle database engine With excellent performance, early entry in the distance education market and two years of successful marketing, the company has been able to penetrate 5% of the market and increase their employee strength from 5 to 35 within such a short span However, with increasing demand in the clientele, the company is also facing problems to the main efficiency in its regular administrative processes where personnel are observed to lack motivation and are also observed as inefficient in change adaptation Business situation After evaluation and analysis of the company’s General Administration Department, i.e. Department C, it has been found that despite its wo rkforce constitutes potential employees, they lack on few motivational grounds and have to face a higher level of stress in order to accomplish the target to boost up the sales from 5% to 10%. Job role segregation has also been viewed as a major problem where the sales representatives rely heavily on the technical department, which makes them a slow learner and increases the burden on the technology department. Many of the sales force has also demanded training as mandatory for their development. In precise, the business situation observed in Department C of MagNet exhibits the need for better coordination amid the staff at the departmental level, motivation needs to boost their change adaptation behavior and understanding of the organizational success requirements. The stressors in this situation can be identified as the growing pressure from the clientele, absence of a specific HR policy framework and limited job commitment deciphered by the employees. Technical situations The ope rational processes in MagNet have been heavily dependent on modern technical instruments, which have in turn also affected the efficiency of the administrative department. Even the communication between the employees and managers happens via e-mail, with lack of interaction that further limits the scope of the supervisors to motivate their subordinates continually and efficiently. The personnel in Department C have also been heavily dependent on the technical support team to respond to the customer’s questions, especially those regarding new products as the employees in this department lack in efficiency to learn about new products and services within a short span of time. Solutions From a critical understanding of the situation, it can be observed that employees in Department C indeed require rigorous training focused on developing their learning, change adaptability and technical skills enhancement. Correspondingly, the company applied Maslow’s needs hierarchy theory and McClelland’s theory of motivation that has efficiently pointed-out the individual motivational needs of the staff members. Based on their performance appraisal as well, the company addressed three employees to be trained and has given formal written warnings to some of the employees so as to motivate them to perform better.  Ã‚  

Monday, July 22, 2019

Deities and Lesser Spirits Essay Example for Free

Deities and Lesser Spirits Essay Deities and Lesser SpiritsGods represented in mythology possess different characteristics. Lesser gods or deities may have ultimate power, finitude, good, or evil tied to the stories that tell about their lives and existence. The purpose of this paper is to define the terms ultimate power, finitude, good and evil and identify four mythological deities that personify these terms. Apollo, who is also referred to as Apollon, was a Greek Olympian god. His mother was Leto, a bride of Zeus. Apollo was a god of prophecy, healing, disease and plague, music, song and poetry, archery and he protected young life. He had ultimate power as a god. Ultimate power is defined as Gods are considered immortal and in control of lesser life forms (Theoi Greek Mythology, 2000-2007). Apollo had invented the flute and the lyre. Suprisingly, he had built the walls of Troy while simply playing the lyre. The Theoi Greek Mythology (2000-2007) stated, Apollo guarded the cattle of Laomedon in the valleys of Ida. In these two examples, it appears he in fact was the god of music, song and protection of young life. Finitude means being finite. Therefore, a god that personifies finitude is one whom only existed for a limited time (Language of Light Glossary, n.d.). The god that was chosen that represents finitude is Christ. Christ represented God during his tenure on earth and all the finite limitations that humans, created by God, face. Life with its choices puts a black or white finish on an individuals moral standing. Death representing the end of the opportunity to make those choices was experienced by Christ himself. Christ while interacting with both the Jews and Gentiles admonished individuals for a variety of sins and life styles that were uncharacteristic of a godly life. Measures were not applied to actions (i.e. tithing) but standards were applied to acts (the act of giving). The life Christ lived provided an example of finiteness people live with during their short lives but the reward as seen through Christs resurrection is infinite life in the realm of heaven. The definition of good as it relates to the gods is sometimes hard to define. Good is defined as having sought-after qualities, kind, merciful, high  morale values, religious, successful, fair to mention a few. With regard to the gods, a good god represented the positive, non-evil powers. Having a bountiful harvest, producing many children, finding love, and being successful in business could be tied to a god protecting the people. Although when researching good gods there seemed to be a shortage as compared to the gods associated with power or evil. A god that represented good was the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl, who was one of many gods in the Aztec belief system. Quetzalcoatl is reported to have given man the science of agriculture and writing as well as being the god of the morning and evening star and the wind. Quetzalcoatl was considered a hero among those who worshiped him and he fought with other gods for what he thought was right. Evil is defined by one source as morally bad or wrong (WordNet Search, n.d.). An evil deity is therefore, one whose actions are morally wrong. An example of a deity that personifies evil is the Devil. The Devil is a deity in Christianity that is described as a fallen angel who rebelled against God. The Devil best represents the term evil because of his hatred for humanity and all things created by God. According to Bible stories, throughout the history of mankind, the Devil has tempted humans to rebel against God and follow him. To achieve that end, the Devil is said to tell to tell lies and intentionally deceive people. The Devil promotes of deceit, sin, and other morally wrong behaviors. In fact, the devil is said to be the cause of original sin, which is the reason for the Apocalypse, or the second coming of Christ. The Devil rewards those who turn against God with eternity in Hell. In conclusion, the gods of mythology possess different characteristics. The story of Apollo is example of a god with ultimate power as he had healing power and could protect young life. Quetzalcoatl shows us good as he was considered a hero and worshiped for fighting for what was right. Christ represented God during his tenure on earth and all the finite limitations that humans face, such as death. The Devil is the ultimate example of evil as he intentionally deceives and promotes deceit, sin, and other morally  wrong behaviors. Stories tell about the existence and lives of deities and lesser gods and from those stories, one must decide which powers they possessed. References Davies, N. (1973). The Aztecs. Norman, Oklahoma, University ofOklahoma PressLanguage of Light Glossary. (N.D.). Retrieved November 4, 2007 from http://www.goddirect.org/glossary/f.htmTheoi Greek Mythology. (2000-2007). Apollon. Retrieved November 2, 2007, from http://www.theoi.com/WordNet Search. (n.d.). WordNet Search. Retrieved November 1, 2007, from http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=evilsub=Search+WordNeto2=o0=1o7=o5=o1=1o6=o4=o3=h

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Evaluating Effectiveness of Performance Management System

Evaluating Effectiveness of Performance Management System INTRODUCTION Performance management can be explained as the measures or systems put in place to ensure that the organization and all its subsystems i.e. departments, processes, teams, employees, etc. are working together in an optimum way towards achieving their goals and the results desired by the organization (Jackson, 1999:143). This field can be broken down into two components; one looks at the performance of a company as a whole evaluating the effectiveness of top management in reaching company goals while the other is a system of evaluating employees to help them reach goals that help them develop and ensure the company performs better. This paper will look at the later type of performance management. Performance management of individual employees involves setting of goals, planning work, giving feedbacks and reviews, providing opportunities for improvement and appraisal systems for well performing employees (Scullen, Bergey. Smith, 2005:28). This paper will focus on the case study, Perfor mance management at Network Solutions Inc. to give an informed review of performance management systems and their effectiveness. This will be achieved by providing detailed responses to four critical thinking questions emanating from the case study. It will begin by giving a review of the case study and proceed to evaluate the questions presented. REVIEW OF THE CASE STUDY The necessity of performance management system Network Solutions Inc. had been using more that 50 different systems of performance measurement in the company. Despite this huge number of systems, it was found that many employees did not receive a review, fewer than 5% of all employees received the lowest category of rating, and there was no recognition program in place to reward high achievers (Aguinis, 2009: 19). There was clear indication that the employee performance management systems that were coming at a high cost were ineffective in addressing the required issues. Being in the business of computer hardware and software, the company found that quality initiatives were driving change in a wide area of the company. It was therefore decided that such quality initiatives could be applied to improve people quality. Further, it was seen that linking each employees goal to the organizational goals would greatly help the company in achieving its objectives (Aguinis, 2009: 21). How the system works Due to the above mentioned needs, the company decided to adopt a forced distribution management system in which each employee would be classified into a category depending on comparative performance e.g. a rating of 1 to the top 20% of performers; a rating of 2 to the middle 70% of performers; and a rating of 3 to the bottom 10% of performers (Aguinis, 2009: 24). This system would be implemented by a global cross-divisional Human Resource team. Their plan was to begin by showing that business goals would be easily met by carrying down organizational strategy to team contributions which are translated to individual goals. This system would raise the bar on the companys performance management by focusing on the development of all employees. This would result into raised performance for all employees, talent identification and retention, and improvement of performance expectations for all employees. Company support To effectively manage this system, the team sought support from the companies top managers who were required to remain committed to the plan. They were required to stop using any other system of performance management and ensure that top leaders understood and accepted it. They were required to engage employees in talent management training in line with the new system. The result of the plan is a performance management system that revolves around a joint year round responsibility of employees and managers developing the planning phase of the system (Aguinis, 2009: 21). Managers schedule meetings which are prepared and finalized by the employees. Lowly rated employees are given time for performance improvement after which depending on their performance they could leave the company or continue with the plan. Average and best performers are given appraisals in form of salary increases, stock options and bonuses depending on the level of performance. The next part will use four questions to evaluate how the system at Network Solutions. compares with the ideal performance management system and give an assessment of its advantages, disadvantages and expected outcomes. OVERLAP BETWEEN NETWORK SOLUTIONS SYSTEM AND AN IDEAL SYSTEM Question 1: Overall, what is the overlap between Network Solutions system and an ideal system? To answer this question, this section will look at the extent to which the performance management system at Network Solutions corresponds with the ideal system. It will look at the process that it follows in terms of phases. Phase 1 Â ­- Performance planning. This is the stage where managers in the firm meet with the employees for discussion on the planning of the performance appraisal process. They define the behaviours and competencies expected of the employees and there is statement on what the person will achieve in the next twelve months. These goals are closely linked to the individuals development plans. As such, the manager automatically earns the right to hold the employees accountable at the end of the year (Simmons, 2002:86). Network Solutions have exhibited this phase by calling on all the senior managers to implement such measures. Phase 2 Employee Performance Execution This is the phase where employees display the actual performance that is subject to evaluation at the end of the year (Winstanley Stuart-Smith, 1996:66). Network Solutions displays this phase which is in accordance to the ideal system where there is a performance period of one year. In this period there are regular meetings to assess progress like they do at the company. The meetings are planned by the managers in conjunction with the employers who carry out the actual execution of the developments. In the meetings there is seeking of guidance and feedback in various issues (Rector Kleiner, 2002: 43). Phase 3 Employee Performance Assessment Senior managers assess how the employees in their departments have undertaken their duties and how much of their objectives they have fulfilled. They fill the various forms and paperwork intended for these purpose and forward them to the relevant team in readiness for individual appraisals based on performance (Molleman Timmerman, 2003: 95). At Network Solutions, the assessment is comparative with the rating being based on the performance level, e.g. a rating of 1 for the top 20% of performers, 2 for the middle 70% and 3 for the bottom 10% Phase 4 Employee Performance Review In this stage, the employee performers appraisal form that was prepared by the manager is reviewed together with the individuals self appraisal (Lawler McDermott, 2003:56). There is an honest assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, successes and areas needing improvement in the past twelve months. It is at this stage that the course of action to be taken in the next year is decided. In the case of Network Solutions, a low performer would consult with the managers to decide on the modalities of the performance improvement plan. From this assessment, it is clear that the performance management system at network Solutions overlap with the ideal system as has been demonstrated in the timeline approach taken. FEATURES IN THE SYSTEM Question 2: What are the features of the system implemented at Network Solutions that correspond to what was described in the chapter as ideal characteristics? Which of the ideal characteristics are missing? For which of the ideal characteristics do we need additional information to evaluate whether they are part of the system at Network Solutions? To supply an answer to this question, the paper will identify the aspects that are characteristic of the ideal performance system and for each identify if it is present or lacking in the Network Solutions system. Standardization: The ideal performance management system requires that the aspects of performance measured are uniform and there is a constant level of strictness (Scullen, Bergey and Smith, 2005: 27). This is meant to ensure that employees do not lack faith in their mangers and the system that might result from variations. The system at Network Solutions exhibits this aspect when the team ensures that the managers drop the previous systems and they offer training so that they can understand and apply it uniformly. Validity and conciseness: this means that the performance management system only measures what is valid at hand. The evaluation criterion therefore makes sure that employees are evaluated only in issue that regard their line of work (DeCenzo and Robbins, 2010: 214). In this case, the team of performance managers ensures that this is done by asking senior leaders to tailor new programmes applicable in their divisions. Hence the evaluation procedure in say the HR department is not the same as that in a technical field. Due process: this means that there are set guidelines that determine how measures are taken after the evaluation. In the case of network solutions, employees who are lowly rated are a given a specified time period to improve their performance (Fisher, 1995:55). If they do not improve, they can choose to leave the company with a severance package or take up a performance improvement plan. If this does not improve their performance they leave without a severance package. There is also set guidelines that dictate the appraisal of good performers with high salary increases, stock options and bonuses. ANTICIPATED RESULTS FROM IMPLIMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM Question 3: Based on the description of the system at Network Solutions, what do you anticipate will be some advantages and positive outcomes resulting from the implementation of the system? The real value purpose of employee performance appraisal in the organization is not only to transform the management of employee performance from an annual event to an ongoing cycle but also to harmonize the organizational goals with those of member employees (Cardy, 2004:128). The performance management system that the company adopts is fully geared to achieve this end. The systems will therefore yield immense advantages and positive outcomes. These will include the following: Goal setting: the system helps employees understand the link between their responsibilities and the overall objectives of the organization. The habit of goal setting is inculcated in both the managers and employees. This results into greater efficiency and provides a good tool of analysis (Luecke Hall, 2005:100). Communication: the system that the company adopts will encourage good communication between managers and employees. The communication about work performance creates a sense of security for the employees and helps the company in retention efforts. It provides ample time for all employees to learn and grow throughout the year. This fosters an organizational culture (). Motivation: the appraisal system acts as tool of motivation since employee rewards are tied directly to performance. This enhances the companys productivity and efficiency. Employees who know that their presence and contribution is valued may feel more committed to the job and the organization as a whole (Pulakos, 2009: 212). POSSIBLE DISADVANTAGES AND NEGATIVE OUTCOMES Question 4: Based on the description of the system at Network Solutions, what doe you anticipate will be some disadvantages and negative outcomes resulting from the implementation of the system? The following are the possible disadvantages associated with this system of management performance: Risk of Internal Competition: this system might encourage employees to compete with each other for job status, position and pay (Molleman Timmerman, 2003: 101). Teams might be broken down by backstabbing and misleading employee communication due to strong rivalry which would result to dysfunction and underperformance within the team. Expenses and time: this system requires that employees are given rigorous training to equip employees with skills as required by the plan. This requires the use of extra resources and time in the extensive training, retraining and career development workshop for every division and employee division (Scullen, Bergey and Smith, 2005: 34) Favoritism: due to the rating of employees, there emerges individuals who are viewed as key and they are increasingly entrusted with new job roles and duties as team leaders. This creates dissent and distrust among the team members which might adversely affect the morale and satisfaction ((Luecke Hall, 2005:108).

Economic Changes to the Welfare State

Economic Changes to the Welfare State Write a 2000 words essay describing the economic aftermath of the Welfare state in the last century I. Introduction A welfare state is broadly defined as a state in which the government/the public sector undertakes key roles in the production and distribution of economic activities with the objective of protecting and promoting the economic and social well-being of its citizens. A welfare state is essentially a mixed economy type of economic system where the government undertakes a greater proportion of economic activities. This essay describes the economic aftermath of the welfare state in the last century. The essay is organised as follows. Section II focuses on the theoretical foundations of the welfare state, while Section III concentrates on the economic aftermath of the welfare state. Section IV finally concludes the essay. II. Theoretical Foundations of the Welfare State The theoretical foundations described in this essay are from; (a) classical economics, (b) Keynesian economics, (c) Suzumura (1999), (d) Barr (1992), and (e) Heath (2011) Classical economics The classical economists including Adam Smith favoured a minimal role for the public sector. Their preference was for a limited role for the government in the provision of essential public works, the maintenance of law and order, and the defence of the country. They believe that the government’s role is to provide these core activities to provide an enabling environment for the market/private sector to undertake economic activities for economic growth. Keynesian economics Keynesian economics was used to justify an expansion in the economic role of the public sector. Keynesian economics created pressures on the government to stabilise the economy by helping to sustain the disposable income of individuals during cyclical fluctuations. Suzumura (1999) argues that welfare economics plays critical roles in enhancing human well-being and in the design and implementation of welfare state policies. Welfare economics is a normative concept and in general takes account of both efficiency and equity. On equity grounds, society may prefer an inefficient resource allocation for reasons for equity justice and this provides a justification for government intervention in the economy. Suzumura argues that the enlarged concept of welfare economics to incorporate equity justice has also extended the concept of well-being to incorporate/capture the basic considerations as liberty, opportunity and procedural justice and that this widening of the concept of well-being should reflect itself properly in the concept and agenda of the welfare state. Based on this conceptual framework, Suzumura then employs Amartya Sen’s concepts of functions and capabilities as vehicles to examine an individual’s advantages in the welfare s tate. To Suzumura the welfare state consists of one main system of competitive mechanism and three subsystems of (i) the competitive policy subsystem, (ii) the co-ordination policy subsystem, and (iii) the social security subsystem. Suzumura concludes that the task of the welfare economics in the welfare state is to deliberately design the main system and the three subsystems of the welfare state so that the whole system becomes incentive compatible to make it work effectively to maximise the well-being of the individuals in the society in terms of liberty, opportunity and procedural justice. Barr (1992) provides another theoretical foundation of the welfare state. Barr’s thesis and his contribution is on information problems for an efficiency case for various types of state intervention. He identifies two broad types of imperfect information problems leading to market failure in dealing with risks as adverse selection and moral hazard. The insurance industry was the focus of Barr’s analysis. Adverse selection results from asymmetric information between buyers and sellers of insurance, with buyers having more information than sellers and thus making it difficult to establish the ideal price for each individual. These characteristics of adverse selection cause the problems of (i) unstable pooling equilibrium because low risks drop out or because of competitive behaviour by insurers, and (ii) inefficient separating equilibrium, if it exists. Thus, in the face of adverse selection, the market is inefficient, or fails entirely and the state intervenes by making membership compulsory with social insurance as a typical example. Heath (2011) identifies the three normative models as redistributive, communitarian and public economics. The redistributive model describes the redistribution of resources to ensure that the outcomes produced by the market economy are less unequal.. The underlying assumption under the redistributive model is that the market is to maximise efficiency while the state promotes equity through redistribution by allocating initial endowments and adjusting final outcomes. The communitarian model considers the imposition of moral limits on the scope of the market so as to resist the commodification of certain domain of interaction. It is argued under this model that basic human needs should be satisfied through communal provision in which everyone is guaranteed a share rather than through commodification. The public economics model regards the state as correcting market failure, either through regulation, subsidisation and taxation, or the direct provision of goods and services. This model is referred to as the economic model because of the emphasis put on Pareto efficiency and the narrow conception of public goods based on Samuelson’s definition. Under the public economics model, market failure allows for the intervention of the state in economic activities. III. Economic Aftermath of the Welfare State The economic measure of welfare state activities is given by the proportion of public expenditure/spending to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), that is, as a share of GDP. Gwartney, Holcombe and Lawson (1998) argue that even after providing for a generous definition of the concept of core functions to include (i) the protection of persons and property, (ii) expenditures on national security, (iii) expenditure on education, (iv) expenditure on physical infrastructure, and (v) the operational costs of the central bank to maintain a stable monetary regime; the share of the expenditures on core functions for most developed countries did not exceed 15% of GDP up to 1996. Meanwhile as at 1996, the share of government expenditure as a percentage of GDP was above 45% in most developed countries. The authors argue that this higher percentage above the required percentage for the core functions exerted a negative impact on the economy in terms of slower economic growth. Their findings indicate that a 10% increase in government expenditure as a share of GDP results in approximately 1% reduction in GDP growth. The authors assigned the following reasons for this ou tcome; (i) higher taxes/and or additional borrowing to finance government expenditures impose excess burden on the economy, (ii) as government grows, its productivity declines. This is characterised by the following trajectory – expenditure on core functions increases productivity but expenditure exceeding the core functions leads to diminishing returns and more and more expenditure eventually produces negative returns which leads to productivity declines, (iii) the political process accompanying increased public expenditure inhibits the entrepreneurship that drives economic growth through the discovery process. It is argued that as entrepreneurs discover new and improved technologies, better methods of production and opportunities that were previously overlooked, they are able to combine resources into goods and services that create wealth and economic growth, and (iv) the growth in government expenditure was characterised by heavy involvement in redistribution of income and regulatory activities that encouraged individuals to seek personal income via government favours rather than through production in exchange for income. Eventually resources are shifted from wealth creating activities toward the pursuit of wealth transfer which retards economic growth and generate income levels well below the economy’s potential. Tanzi and Schuknecht (1998) argue that from the late 19th century to early 20th century total government expenditure was less than 12% of GDP with expenditure covering the core functions. In the 1920s, the average total expenditure increased to nearly 20% of GDP. In 1937 public spending went up to an average of 23% of GDP resulting from the effects of the Great Depression. Between 1960 and 1980, there was a rapid increase in public spending from around 28% of GDP around 1960 to 43% of GDP in 1980. They further argue that the increased public expenditure/spending reflecting welfare state activities produced the following effects; (i) growing public spending and debt, (ii) rising real interest, (iii) slower growth, (iv) less attractive investment destination by international investors, even under growing globalisation, growing competition and capital mobility, (v) disincentive effects caused by higher taxation, and (vi) large-scale redistributive expenditures with negative impact on gr owth, employment and welfare. The authors’ table 6 (page 83) provides a comparative analysis on the size of government and economic performance as at 1990 between big governments and small governments. Big governments are equated to states with higher government expenditure, that is, with GDP shares exceeding 40% while small governments show government expenditures of less than 40% of GDP. The main findings were based on the following indicators of economic performance; (i) real GDP growth, (ii) Gross fixed capital formation (in percent of GDP), (iii) inflation (1986-1994), (iv) public debt (in percent of GDP), (v) economic freedom indicator, (vi) size of shadow economy (in percent of GDP), (vii) PPP-based per capita GNP (in US$), and (viii) standard deviation of GDP growth. The summary findings were as follows; (a) real GDP growth over a longer period lower in big government countries and that could account for growing unemployment experienced in welfare states with big gove rnments, (b) GDP per capita based on Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) much higher in countries with small governments, (c) based on the ratio of the standard deviation and the average growth rate (the coefficient of variation), there was no evidence that higher public spending leads to more stable growth (i.e no evidence that welfare states exhibited more stable growth rates). This indicator was to provide evidence on one of the main justifications of Keynesian economics that growing public spending is needed for a stabilisation policy to reduce fluctuations in growth over the business cycle, (d) gross fixed capital formation and inflation did not show much difference across groups of countries (i.e both big and small governments recorded almost the same rates), (e) public debt averages almost 80% of GDP in countries with big governments in 1990 – leading to the payment of considerable risk premiums on public debt obligations (higher real interest rates), (f) economic freedom in countries with big governments worse than countries with small governments, and (g) a strong correlation between spending by governments (and corresponding taxes) and the size of the shadow economy (almost 18% of GDP for big governments compared with 9.4% foe small governments in 1996). The authors recommend that fiscal reforms and lower public spending are needed in many countries with big governments in order to increase economic growth without sacrificing much social and economic well-being. IV. Conclusion In the current globalised world where technology is making major strides, the role of the state should be significantly different from the role played to the end of last century. The economic aftermath of the welfare state in the last century indicates that to increase economic growth, the state should now play a more significant and intelligent regulatory role of providing a level playing field which allows the private sector to expand to areas traditionally undertaken by the state. The role of the state in income redistribution and in providing safety nets is very important but needs reassessment by policymakers. Targeted coverage and not universal coverage is what is needed and with the concept of redistribution narrowly defined to avoid many inefficient policies pursued under the justification of redistributing income. REFERENCES Barr, Nicholas, â€Å"Economic Theory and the Welfare State: A Survey and Interpretation†, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Jun. 1992); pp 741-803 Gwartney, James, Holcombe, Randell, and Lawson, Robert, â€Å"The Scope of Government and the Wealth of Nations†, Cato Journal Vol. 18, No. 2 (Fall 1998); pp 163-190 Heath, Joseph, â€Å"Three Normative Models of the Welfare State†, Public Reason, 3 (2), 2011; pp 13-43 Suzumura, Kotaro, â€Å"Welfare Economics and the Welfare State†, Review of Population and Social Policy, No. 8, (1999); pp 119-138 Tanzi, Vito and Schuknecht, Ludger, â€Å"Can Small Governments Secure Economic and Social Well-being?† Fraser Institute, 1998 YAW BEDIAKO

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Benedict Arnolds Treason Essay -- essays research papers

After defeating British troops in Saratoga, Congress made Benedict Arnold a major general in the Continental Army. Washington wrote a commendation saying that Arnold was a brave officer. Despite the promotion, Arnold remained at the bottom of the list. There were four other major generals superior to him. Arnold was soon off once again to help the northern army. Ticonderoga had fallen back into enemy hands. British General John Burgoyne and his troops were moving rapidly down from Canada toward Albany. Arnold fell under the leadership of General Horatio Gates. Arnold and Gates were complete opposites. Gates appeared cautious and calculating while Benedict was persistent and hasty. Gates held position on an area overlooking the Hudson River. His plan was to wait for an attack. He knew that the British were low on supplies from their long march from Canada and planned on using that to his advantage. Arnold disagreed, urging Gates to attack General Burgoyne during his progress. However, Gates didn’t trust Benedict or believe in his tactics. Once the battle begun there was no holding back. Disobeying Gates orders, Arnold led a furious attack. Upon the barrage of bullets swarming the battlefield, Arnold was shot in the leg. Ironically this was the same leg that had been wounded in t he battle at Montreal. Thanks to Arnold’s valiant effort General Burgoyne and his men were faced with retreating. Over six hundred British soldiers were killed. On October 16, General Burgoyne surrendered his sword to General Gates, instead of Arnold. This had disgruntled Arnold greatly, given that it was his brilliant, tactical assessment that forced the British army to surrender. This had made the victory bittersweet threw his perspective. Following the battle, Arnold lay in an Albany hospital for three months. Arnold left the hospital with a â€Å"fracture box† around his bad leg. Gates distort over Arnold’s disobedience stripped him of his rank. However, the Continental Congress restored his rank as a reward for Arnold’s spirited efforts. After Ticonderoga, Arnold was having problems getting reimbursements from Congress for his expenses. Unfortunately, Arnold lacked receipts for those purchases. Arnold felt his loyalty and honor were in question given that Congress was slow to react to Arnold’s claim. Soon after Washington requested that Arnold come to Valley Forge to converse his ... ...d to the point. He remitted Arnold a draft of 6,000 pounds. Generous as the British were to Arnold, they never completely trusted him as an officer in their service. Though he conducted a raid into Virginia and led the tragic expedition to New London, the British declined to give him a high command. After Cornwallis’ surrender at Yorktown, Arnold took his family to London, where he received both respect and admiration, but no employment. Later, he moved to Canada- to St. John, New Brunswick and entered the shipping business. Eventually, Arnold moved his family back to London and tried to secure command when the war with revolutionary France broke out. Denied an opportunity to return to military, he traded with the West Indies, where he was greatly appreciated. Rejected once more in an effort to help the military, Arnold died in 1801, forlorn and almost forgotten in Britain. His wife out lived him by three years, but had the satisfaction of seeing her children have respectable careers and attain mild fame. If none has achieved such military importance as their ancestor, the tireless â€Å"Dark Eagle† as the Indians called him, none has put self-interest or injured pride before honor.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Luck, Moral Guilt and Legal Guilt Essay -- Philosophy essays

Luck, Moral Guilt and Legal Guilt      Ã‚   The question of whether luck should play a role in our assessment of other people is fundamental to human society. Our judicial laws express the view that we are responsible for our actions-in other words, luck does have a bearing on the determination of legal guilt; since legal guilt is theoretically based on moral guilt, this means that luck is usually considered to have a bearing on moral guilt as well. However, there are serious difficulties with this system of judgment. Indeed, I believe that it is neither advantageous nor even logically plausible to accede to either side of this debate: simply admitting to one extreme (e.g., that luck should never be considered when assessing others, or vice versa) automatically creates a multitude of problems. If we do consider luck when assessing someone's moral character, we open ourselves to the very real possibility of punishing two people unequally for the same exact action or intention, which is incompatible with our notion of j ustice. Yet if we decide that luck should not be a factor, we are in effect embracing the notion that we are not responsible for our actions, and in such a case, punishment would be futile; without legal guilt and punishment, however, society would be chaotic, which again assaults our notion of justice. We shall see that this issue is closely tied in with the more general idea of free will vs. determinism, which itself is a fundamentally disturbing problem. As long as the free will debate remains inconclusive-as most people feel it is-so too will the debate over moral luck remain unresolved.    In order to examine this issue, it is beneficial to start with a specific example: consider a person who happens to ... ... leads to chaos. Yet factoring in luck fails to punish those who are immoral but have good luck, while punishing only those who have bad luck. I maintain that a satisfactory answer to this question is impossible because, as I stated earlier, the issue of moral guilt in relation to luck is based heavily upon the idea of free will versus determinism, a problem which is fundamentally troublesome. With no clear way to decide the issue of free will vs. determinism, it is equally unclear how we should decide the issue of moral guilt. Should luck play a part in the assessment of a person's character? As I asserted at the start of this discussion, I believe that such a determination is logically implausible.    WORKS CITED Nagel, Thomas. "Moral Luck." Reason and Responsibility, 9th edition. Joel Feinberg, ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1996: 515-521.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Essay --

The Crucible will forever be a classic due to its intriguing story line that is based on a true event. The Salem Witch Trials of 1692 are represented as an adulterous romance turned into a vicious plot for vengeance. The Crucible touches on the horrible fates that led to death of so many innocent people, but Arthur Miller does not portray the entireness of the blood bath that was the Salem witch trials. The once Broadway play, that captured the hearts of millions doesn’t hold justice to the anguish the people of Salem endured. However if his goal was to entertain us, he most definitely succeeded. In Salem, nineteen accused witches were hanged in Gallows Hill, four more died in prison and a lone man was pressed to death when he failed to plead guilty. The Salem Witch trials were an absolute travesty. At one point in February a young girl fell seriously ill, her symptoms cause scientist now to believe that she had a disease called "convulsive ergotism" brought on by â€Å"ingesting rye--eaten as a cereal and as a common ingredient of bread--infected with ergot.† This scientific conclusion explains the child’s chaotic behavior. However in the 1600’s science wasn’t nearly as sophisticated as it is now, and thus when her symptoms were similar to an Irish women in Boston who was suspected of witchcraft, people began to believe the worst. When other playmates began showing the same symptoms, a doctor was brought in to examine the girls. His conclusion was that the problems was of a â€Å"Supernatural Origin†, or in simpler words, witches were targe ting the children. The number of girls showing symptoms continued to grow until it reached seven. Similar to the play â€Å"The girls contorted into grotesque poses, fell down into frozen postures, and comp... ...he entire story of John Proctor the young farmer and Abigail having an affair was only a way for Miller to creatively explain why there was enough hatred for these hangings and torture to occur. When in reality, Abigale never worked for John and they lived quite far apart. John was actually a 60 year old tavern keeper, all making the affair quite unlikely. While the story flowed and managed to capture us with sentiment. It’s impossible to disregard the ability he had to use the language of the time period, making the story come to life in such an authentic manor. His purpose was to entertain and he succeeded, however with a lack of some truths it lost some validity with the more critical readers. On the other hand no one can blame him for doing so, some of the best books, films, plays, or even television shows are grounded on real events and turned into nonfiction.

Organizational Responsibilities Essay

According to the American Medical Association (AMA) an impaired physician is unable â€Å"to practice medicine with reasonable skill and safety due to mental illness, physical illness, including but not limited to deterioration through the aging process, or loss of motor skill or excessive use or abuse of drugs, including alcohol† (API, 2011). The scenario presented for this assignment involves Dr. Smith a talented and skillful cardiac surgeon on staff at a local community hospital, who is currently engaged in a divorce. On multiple incidences, hospital staff members observed Dr. Smith to be intoxicated. On one of these occasions, a nurse observed him the night before he was scheduled to operate, inebriated, and notified her supervisor. On the morning of surgery, Dr. Smith called in sick. There is great concern on the part of the hospital administration that Dr. Smith may perform surgery in an impaired state, noting he recently has made errors during surgery. A Health care organization’s ultimate responsibility is to the patients it serves, and to make certain that physicians, either employed or privileged, are competent and functioning appropriately while providing quality patient care (Ohlsen, 2006). Under the doctrine of corporate negligence, â€Å"the hospital is liable if it fails to uphold the proper standard of care owed the patient, which is to ensure the patient’s safety and well-being while at the hospital† (Pozgar, 2010, p. 242). Hospitals hold certain nondelegable duties unrelated to the negligence an employee may commit. Two nondelegable duties include monitoring the quality of care rendered by the medical staff, and hiring and keeping competent physicians (Pozgar, 2010). Allowing Dr. Smith to operate with the knowledge that he has committed errors during the performance of†¦ [continues]

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Love and Marriage Between Wickham and Lydia

Love and brotherhood between Wickham and Lydia hook and Prejudice is the approximately successful and popular novel create verbally by Jane Aus decennary. It revolves around the intricacies of courtship and espousal between members of social classes, which, in this case, is her own class the middle class. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen describes servicemany different jockeys and joins. Whereby, she can present her viewpoint that ones oddball frequently reflects his or her marriage and attitudes towards love.In this essay, I want to focus and analyse the sex-oriented marriage between a dissolute Wickham and an empty-minded Lydia. Wickham source appears as a actually magic fellow. As an officer in the regiment stationed at Meryton, Wickham is quickly judged to be a stainlessly solid and amiable man because of his friendliness and the ease of his manners. Initially, his sexual trance is so great that Elizabeth, who is normally very critical in judging people, wo rk outs at first absolutely naught in him save makes him seem the most fascinate man she has ever met.Wickhams regular attention to Elizabeth makes her feel sure that she is in love with him. He even makes Elizabeth to be inclined to believe his made-up humbug about Darcy. However, his true nature, on the contrary, step by step shows itself to be taut and wicked. A unmatched degree of sexual attraction often goes with a lively, unreliable disposition, which may any be almostwhat superficial but perfectly well- lowlying, or driven by circumstance which it has non the strength to withstand, stick that of a scoundrel. (Douglas Bush, 1956)Wickhams love was short-lived. by and by being realized the real soul by Elizabeth, he is immediately inform to court another lady, Miss King, who possesses ten thousand pounds. A sharp descent emerges between his agreeable appearance and mean character. He regards love as vigour but a tool to take wealth. His elopement with Lydia is ver y sudden. It really leaves us some rooms to contemplate his real motivation. Lydia is not rich. It seems that Wickhams elopement with her was beyond understanding.Nevertheless, further exercise clarifies the obscurity and tells us his whole character. at that place argon two motivations behind it. Firstly, he is a dissolute man who neer stops seek sexual passion. Secondly, he availed himself of a chance to flee his creditors. His feather was rendered necessary by distress of portion rather than by his affection to Lydia. Lydia is the youngest of the white avenss sisters. She is gossip, immature, and self-involved. She is also the favorite of her let because the two have such equal characters. Mrs.Bennets affection has brought her into public at an early age therefore, makes her be get along with a stout, well-grown girl of fifteen. She has high animal spirits, and a sort of natural self-consequence, which the attentions of the officials, to whom her uncles good dinners and h er own easy manners recommended her, has change magnitude into assurance. Lydia is an empty-minded and uncertain wager who never ceases seeking her own fun and sexual excitement. The unless interests in her life are to flirt with red-coated officials in a militia regiment in the neighborhood.Lydias minds are more vacant than their sisters, and when nothing snap off offered, a walk to Meryton is necessary to occupy their morning hours and furnish conservation for the evening. And Lydia, with perfect indifference, continued to express her admiration of supply Carter, and her hope of seeing him in the dustup of the day, as he was going the beside morning to London. She is so temperamental that she cries piercingly when she hears that red-coated officials would leave the local town and rejoices when some new red-coated officials come in. As Lydia is young and empty-minded, she never gives love a serious and proper consideration.Her thirsts for ignorant desire and unrestrain ed life make her sex-oriented marriage, Wickham is seductive and pleasing outwardly, but mean and dirty inwardly. While Lydia, foolish and dissipated, notwithstanding enchanted by his glorious appearance, sees nothing of his real intention and personality. Obviously, Lydia and Wickhams marriage is an example of bad marriage. Their marriage is found on appearances, sensuality, superficiality and youthful vivacity. in one case they can no longer see these qualities in each other, their relationship pull up stakes then fade away.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

Work Breakdown Structure Development and whole Project Activity Estimation Charmaine Allen Professor little Michael Chu November 15, 2013 In working on the out migration for the financial services legacy system to a Web-based black cloud solution, I took into consideration the project management plan, the technical planning, the Cloud Web migration complete specification and the system testing. In addition, I considered the Support Services to include Configuration Management which free will monitor any changes and finally the Migration of the system.Project management is discov ery Important for any IT project to stay on track, each step Is critical to the success of the project. The different planning various stages are the map for the project setting up the steps for the project team to follow.Work complete breakdown construction of a project is really a snapshot of project deliverables how that will be completed throughout the undertaking.All of this will need to be identifie d and mitigated in the beginning of the project In order to have a success project. Another greater risk would be to make changes without documentation, to mitigate this risk; Configuration management must be engaged in all discussions and decisions of changes. The third risk Is lack of communication and only mitigation means keeping all parting engaged in rapid progress of the project. Making sure everyone on the team is ncluded in click all communications.Because of this, once the work breakdown structure is made, key deliverables have to be smaller enough to estimate.

com/article/5-best-practices-for-reducing-third-party-vendor-security-risks/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/seven-steps-for-avoiding-scope-creep/http://www.scc.A work breakdown structure will be exhaustive.The other limited scope (WBS) elements linked to the project will be subordinate to the home job component.A change on a small portion of the undertaking might influence different details of the undertaking.

apply Your staff to monitor their time on different tasks which will offer a better sense to last get a job amount of work to you is well being asked by An excellent place to start.The organizational structure is utilized by managers for brainstorming to locate very useful thoughts and solutions.Without a total and full schedule, the project supervisor will probably be not more able to convey the comprehensive effort, in regards to resources and cost, essential to deliver the undertaking.As an example, if you use to perform a project such like testing an internet site, you what are able to learn from that experience to prevent issues or all the issues which were faced in miss prior endeavors.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Aqa Psya3 Interventions for Addiction Notes

discourses for colony (Key = shun objurgation/limitations + = compulsory condemnation/ jump out biological interpellations synthetic heroin hydrochloride for heroin diacetylmorphine accustoms argon disposed(p) trasha turn ine, which gives uniform make exclusively is slight hookive. Their window glass is belatedly change over magnitude to widely distri unless whened anatomy up tolerance, indeed slow step-down to wean the ballock of it until the addict fill uncomplete substance. some(prenominal) bulk beneficial change by reversal from organismness heroin addicts to Meth addicts Statistics testify to a greater extent than ccc methadone hydrochloride associate deaths in the UK in 2007 methadone hydrochloride inspiration is a lot unsupervised, which has created a dusky market, where addicts go off prevail astray their doses for solitary(prenominal)(prenominal) ? 2 probable drug manipulations for playing period not sanction in the UK yet, that on that point is rise that selective-serotonin reup absent inhibitors (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors which affix serotonin= steady-going mood) or Naltrexone (a dopamine sensory receptor antagonist, which reduces the wages of fun by drop-off dopamine) whitethorn be trenchant. Hollander prove that gamblers hard-boi conduct with selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors fateed improvements comp ard to a oblige meeting scarcely Hollanders accept totally had 10 participants a larger, long-dated content by Blanco et al (32 gamblers anyplace 6 months) showed selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor was no more(prenominal)(prenominal) rough-and-ready than a placebo + Kim and hold showed that naltrexone lead to decrease in looseness thoughts and behaviors later 6 weeks of preaching Intervention curve of doctors Cohen and Cohen apprize that clinicians dont trust dependencys atomic number 18 to a fault grueling to treat, because they only espouse across them when the dependence is in any case travel to answer to preaching mental interventions wages Sindelar did a demand with addicts on methadone therapy (+ talk over). wholeness convention was payed every measure they time-tested ostracize for drugs. By the end, the reward baseing had 60% more electronegative water supply tests than the stamp down (who werent offered rewards). + Sindelar showed it to be trenchant at simplification the addictive behavior scarce funding doesnt speech communication the underlying problems that caused the dependence in the commencement place, so as in drawing as the rewards argon removed, addicts whitethorn and go posterior to spicy in the same, or other addictive behaviour over again (eg an lush may go bet on to alcohol, or give voice an tender addiction for sex). The rewards would put one across to be paying for by the NHS, which is a frequent overhaul funded by taxes. The general reali ty wouldnt exigency their taxes being spent on large addicts rewards CBT CBT helps slew change the vogue they destine roughly their addiction and guide slipway of move powerfully. (eg. in bid addiction, the addict has a cognitive fracture in accept they piece of ass order the burden of the game, CBT would condemn this terms thinking by covering them that the tactile sensation is irrational) + sound Ladoceur et al haphazardly allocated 66 pathologic gamblers to both a CBT radical or time lag list.At the end, 86% of the treatment group were no yearner classed as ghoulish gamblers, and had amplify self-efficacy. + as well Sylvian et al looked at treatments that targeted both lore and behaviour. pathologic gamblers were inclined cognitive therapy, affectionate skills pedagogy and oversight barroom, resulting in improvements which were well-kept at a 1yr follow-up. explore has tended to show that no psychological treatment to be superior, but that th ey ar most(prenominal) effective when have with p priceacologic treatments. overt wellness interventions The NIDA (National build on dose Abuse) take awayUS organization sponsored interventions such as the NIDA cooperative cocaine handling (CCT) discipline are intentional to interfere in the circle of drug-related ad hominem and societal problems. + The NIDA intervention light-emitting diode to a decrease in cocaine use, and attendant drop-offs in related behaviours (eg. open sex, which led to a reduction in human immunodeficiency virus transmission) shout out sess Quitline station et al rig that smokers who reliable repeated Quitline counselling mobilize calls were 50% more apt(predicate) to go away than a tick off who only legitimate brief counselling. Has real-world applications phalanx force deployed abroad a good deal take up, or increase ingest habits. Beckham et al effect that have Quitline work with nicotine transposition therapy was super effective in treating US army veterans. stripe of juvenility frolic Messerlian et al proposed a cake personate establish on explore into jejune ghoulish gaming development denormalisation, protection, pr unconstipatedtion and harm reduction principles. (eg. computer program ground on prevention would intromit other(a) recognition of at riskiness youths, and onset to annul them from escalating towards pathologic dramatic play. + state-supported wellness intervention in frolic is proactive and addresses a potentially ruin brotherly issue. interrogation shows that problem gambling as a teenage goat lead to by and by contrary outcomes, (eg. labour relationships, wretched behaviour, drop-off and even suicide) so earlyish prevention is essential. (Derevensky and Gupta)

Sunday, July 14, 2019

“Death Penalty” Pros and Cons

last penalisation Pros and Cons Francisco X. L residualor macrocosm to abominable justifiedlyness (1102 CCJS100 4021) collectible on Tuesday, promenade 26, 2011 demise penalisation Pros and Cons accounting everywhere the eld has taught us of hu homosexual universe creationsy a(prenominal) diametrical shipway on how to harbor or penalize populate who jadet happen the rules and impartialitys oblige by coifliness and courts. These argon choose by corporation to chip in deportment standards.Whether nigh of them atomic number 18 strong or non, these mustiness be esteem in order to non eliminate into a relent little penalization wish vigorous the wipeout penalization. AThe exorbitance of kill whizzs pest worldly concernhood with premeditation is the chief mind for the origination of the destruction punishment. by dint ofout history, closing penalization has been debated in more a(prenominal) diverse ways. Groups protesti ng engage up their fountainhead of views with their pros and cons to control their space in promote or against this punishment.A meliorate poser of wherefore whatever root words neutralize to this penalization is discussed in binds 1Anti- finis penalisation groups airlift bills for exonoree Anthony grave, by Diane Jennings, and in 2 witness to sire forthwith in destruction penalisation ladder of populace charge of kill wife, step young lady and demo stepsons their bodies, by Jennifer Emily. In the front article, a group from the Texas Moratorium interlock was up imparting cash to protagonist, in this fortune, Anthony sculpt. Graves fagged 18 years in toss for polish removes he neer committed, and was ultimately released from the finis course of action from Texas afterwards prosecutors stated him innocent.On the other hand, on the plump for article, Gary colour was lining a nett stopping point to be convicted of seat of g overnment muti late in Texas. later raw his wife, he killed her 6-year-old daughter and proceeded to press out their bodies to his stepsons. Jurors in this video display window were to decide Bwhether to chaffer a end reprobate or charge up him to prison for biography without parole. close penalization brings imperious and ostracize contri moreoverions to association. as yet though, on that point cook been a smokestack of be mistakes when gilded it, and it quiet order of battles to be frustrated on removing horror from society. unrivaled of the pros final stage penalisation contributes to society is that it deters slightly nation from committing murder. It in either case gives peace of mind to the dupe and their families and sends an end to the plague. Also, the timidity of the highest regulate of punishment go away follow electromotive force victims alive. both(prenominal)(prenominal) metres families of the victims produce their mend influence in mavin case the valetslayer is fructify to demolition. politically seen, it alike gives arrogance to politicians and some others whitethorn nonetheless mend their positions by fetching a well know murder case to a closing point.Proponents of the stopping point penalization secernate Cit is an primary(prenominal) woodpecker for preserving law and order, deters crime, and cost less than action imprisonment. They likewise implore that D avenging helps console table sor class families, and ensures that the perpetrators of atrocious crimes never strike an fortune to clear forthcoming tragedy. yet it comes to the item that these bil permits further help them guarantee their harbour to punishment, date it is quiet down not back up by a majority. friendship nonoperational has a locoweed of issues against the termination penalisation. unrivalled of the to the highest degree commonly questions sight inquire themselves is what would it accomplish to put somebody on cobblers last course of study? If the victim is already dead, you privynot bring him back. It is not confessedly that the opponents live misgiving of conclusion allow for resist one of committing murder. Statistics show that roughly of the murders are make on the kindle of beloved when a somebody is unable(p) to approximate rationally. Therefore, how can one appreciate of panic in the mania of vexation? Opponents likewise fence the situation that thither work been a portion out of cases where the mortal world convicted was erroneously criminate. worse than that, many hold back oft been erroneously killed collect to the smashing punishment process, and it is oft inconsistently and haphazard applied. For Christians, a hone guinea pig of a somebody determined to the shoemakers last row being mistakenly acc utilise was saviour. licit murderers, in the bible, were given(p) immunity and forgiveness, but Jesus was convicted, cha rge, and in conclusion killed. This argument is in the main used by phantasmal activists and protesters against the oddment penalization. bulk with deep-seated flavour to ghostlike standpoint often bind the right to life to a high place any punishment that forget stake or venture it.establish on the study promulgated in both articles resumed above, and over the internet, I close that death penalization is not a deterrent, as vehement crime evaluate show to be consistently higher in death penalty jurisdictions. Whether you are a placed felonious or a disposal representing the people, putting to death some other human being is unseasonablefulness. It is wrong from the look of the legal expert, and so it is wrong viewed from the eyeball of paragon or the imperious creation in which we believe. holding killers off the streets for thoroughly through the animateness Without news (LWOP) excessively prevents re-offending without having to aggrieve murd erers life.As Voltaire one time wrote Elet the punishments of criminals be useful. A hanged man is unsloped for nonentity a man condemned to humans whole caboodle cool it serves the country, and is a devout life history lesson. BIBLIOGRAPHY . UMUC library picket to cruel umpireResourcesUMUC hold Anti-death penalty groups peak bullion for exonoree Anthony Graves, by Diane Jennings reporter of Dallas sunrise news show UMUC depository library make pass to iniquitous justiceResourcesUMUC phrase recommendation to bring forth immediately in death penalty discharge of man impeach of cleansing wife, stepdaughter and covering stepsons their bodies, by Jennifer Emily newsman of Dallas sunrise intelligence activityREFERENCES CITED clock time in league with CNN (online) http//www. time. com/time/ clipping/article/0,9171,905684,00. hypertext mark-up language second split up of UMUC subroutine library devolve to evil nicetyResourcesUMUC condition tribut e to buzz off right away in death penalty mental test of man accused of killing wife, stepdaughter and masking stepsons their bodies, by Jennifer Emily reporter of Dallas dawn intelligence operation second divide of http//deathpenalty. procon. org/ second divide of http//deathpenalty. procon. org/ http//www. deathpenaltyinfo. org/